Admin Calculators
Unix time, date differences, transfer times, SI vs. IEC, storage growth, RAID capacity and backup retention.
Unix TimeRAIDBackupGiB
Results update while you type. Everything is calculated locally in your browser.
Time
Time zone for input and output
Unix timestamp → date
Date → Unix timestamp
Date difference
Duration
Result
Transfer
Bit/byte converter
Download / upload time
TCP/IP and TLS typically cost 3–8 % of the line rate. Providers advertise bits per second, file sizes are shown in bytes.
Result
Storage
SI vs. IEC
Drive vendors use SI (1 TB = 1000⁴ bytes), most operating systems use IEC (1 TiB = 1024⁴ bytes) – often labeled “TB”.
Storage growth
Growth model
Result
RAID
RAID level
Assumes identical disks without hot spares. Filesystem and controller metadata reduce the usable space slightly further. RAID does not replace backups.
Result
Backup
Approximation: weekly and monthly points count as fulls in GFS, incrementals use the daily change rate. Real usage depends on change patterns and the backup software.